NPI Numbers for Therapists: Type 1, Type 2, and When You Need Each
By the Open My Practice team · Updated November 8, 2026 · 4 min read
Your National Provider Identifier, or NPI, is a 10-digit number that identifies you as a health care provider across the U.S. health system. It's free, it's permanent, and nearly every therapist in private practice needs one.
Why you need one
- Insurance claims require it.
- Superbills for out-of-network clients typically include it, so cash-pay practices need one too.
- Insurance credentialing, many EHRs, and some referral partners ask for it.
Type 1 vs. Type 2
A Type 1 NPI identifies you as an individual. It stays with you for your whole career, no matter where you work. A Type 2 NPI identifies an organization, such as your PLLC or group practice. Solo practitioners who bill under their own name often need only a Type 1. Practices that bill insurance through a business entity often need a Type 2 as well.
What applying involves
You apply through the federal NPPES system after creating a login with CMS. You'll provide identifying information, practice location, and your provider taxonomy, which is the code that describes your specialty. The number never expires, but you're expected to keep your information current.
How we handle this for you
- Tells you which NPI type you need based on how you'll practice and bill
- Prepares and submits your NPI application once you authorize Open My Practice
- Verifies an existing NPI against the national registry during signup
Frequently asked questions
Is an NPI number free?
Yes. Applying for an NPI through NPPES is free, and there's no renewal fee.
Do cash-pay therapists need an NPI?
Usually yes. Superbills that clients submit for out-of-network reimbursement typically include your NPI.
Does my NPI ever expire?
No. Your NPI is permanent, but you should keep the information on file current, such as your practice address.
This guide is general information, not legal, tax, or financial advice. Rules change, so confirm requirements with the relevant agency or a qualified professional before acting.